Photo of the Day

Adelie penguins avoiding the "orange monster" Nathaniel B. Palmer in Antarctica

XBT

The Expendable Bathythermograph (XBT) has been used by oceanographers for many years to obtain information on the temperature structure of the ocean to depths of up to 2000 meters. The use of XBT's to measure the ocean's subsurface has significantly increased over the past decade. For the PRISM cruise, so far, we have fired a dozen of them to identify the modified circumpolar deep water (MCDW). The following picture shows one deployment of the XBT.

Marco Pedulli firing an XBT near the Ross Bank, Antarctica

Tierra Del Fuego

No crossing (of the Drake Passage) is complete without rubbing the foot of the indian in downtown Punta Arenas, Chile 

PRISM Seminars

In between sampling and other lab/computer work, the science team has also been actively engaged in a number of PRISM science seminars. Thus far, the talks featured the various investigators onboard of NBP whose presentations included related past work from the region (i.e. The Ross Sea, Antarctica) and/or other places and more importantly addressed preliminary results from the current cruise. The latter means that everybody has to finish analyzing the data as soon as they come in. This is a great way for the planning process of the cruise whose motto is adaptive sampling, among other things.

The project (PRISM-RS) obviously has a solid plan of execution but is flexible enough to accommodate small changes on the fly depending on model output, satellite images (e.g. ice and chlorophyll) and observations. The latter is done at a finer scale using moving vessel profiler (MVP) and video plankton recorder (VPR), both of which have a number of sensors for chlorophyll, temperature, salinity, etc. onboard. MVP and VPR are towed from the ship in between sampling stations. To date, a total of 26 stations have been occupied and sampled using CTD rosette, trace metal tow fish, bongo nets (for plankton: phyto-and zooplankton) or a combination thereof.

Dennis McGillicuddy (WHOI) discussing a plan of action at a PRISM seminar (Photo: Marco Pedulli)

Rescue Operation in the Ross Sea, Antarctica

Rescue operation in the Ross Sea, Antarctica (Photo: Marco Pedulli)

Photo of the Day

Adelie penguins on sea ice near the Ross Sea (Photo by Marco Pedulli)

Science one day, medical rescue the next

By Julian Race. The Ross Sea, Antarctica 
      January 14, 2012

What was supposed to be an ordinary science cruise to the Ross Sea turned into a rescue mission for the scientists and crew on the ice breaker research vessel Nathaniel B. Palmer. On January 10, 2012, the Palmer was conducting research in the Ross Sea, collecting data about nutrients and other ocean processes. At approximately 3:30AM, a distress call was received from a nearby fishing vessel. The vessel was reported to be on fire, and the situation was very serious. Captain Sebastian Paoni, Marine Projects Coordinator Al Hickey, and Chief Scientist Dennis McGillicuddy made the decision to halt science operations and make best possible speed to go help.

All of the science equipment was winched back onboard the ship, the laboratories were cleaned and secured, and the Palmer turned north and headed full-speed towards the last known location of the vessel in distress. Meanwhile, the Captain and his crew were in contact with the New Zealand Rescue Coordination Centre (RCC), the dedicated rescue operations command post for that area of Antarctica. The RCC was gathering all reports about the incident, and coordinating the response. The Palmer was not the only ship in the area, but was the nearest, most properly equipped vessel to handle serious injuries. At the time, the RCC reported that the Palmer was about 16 hours away from the scene, and there were also two other fishing vessels 30 miles away. The Korean research vessel Araon was also in the area and was reported to be about 24 hours out.

The Jung Woo 2 burns in the background, as a rescue team from the Nathaniel B. Palmer transports patients from the waiting Jung Woo 3 (Photo by Marco Pedulli)

The reports from RCC were grim: the Korean fishing vessel Jeong Woo 2 was on fire, and of the 40 crew, 3 were missing and many were injured. The fire was out of control, and had already destroyed one of the vessel’s two lifeboats. Some of the crew had evacuated to the remaining lifeboat, but many were still stranded onboard the burning ship. The Palmer kept heading north, and all hands made ready for the upcoming rescue. The various scientists and support staff were assigned roles based on their skills and experience. Some would act as medics, others as rescue, recovery or general support. The ship was also preparing to take on up to 40 extra passengers. Every available space was made ready, as well as food and blankets for the victims.

About an hour away from the rescue, an all-hands meeting was called to discuss the rescue. The latest reports were better than expected, but still serious: the Jeong Woo 3, sister ship of the Jeong Woo 2, had arrived and evacuated all of the survivors from the burning wreck. Unfortunately, it was confirmed that three of the crew members had not survived the blaze, and an additional 7 were seriously injured and required immediate medical care. The Jeong Woo 3 was not able to properly treat the injured, and the Palmer, with a fully- equipped and staffed hospital, was asked to take on the injured and transport them to McMurdo station for evacuation to New Zealand.

The Palmer’s mission had shifted from rescue and recovery to medical transport. Arriving at 7:50PM on January 10, 2012, the Palmer came upon a shocking scene. The Jeong Woo 2 was still burning fiercely, with yellow flames leaping out of the pilothouse and superstructure, while thick black smoke billowed into the sky. The burning ship was wedged into some pack ice, and a short way off stood theJeong Woo 3. The Palmer’s crew adapted their plans and quickly made ready to take on the injured victims.

To transport the patients from the Korean ship to the Palmer, two zodiacs were put into the water. Each zodiac was manned with a helmsman, ship’s officer, medic, and deckhand. The zodiacs took turns ferrying the patients from the Korean ship back to the Palmer. The patients who could walk were helped up the side of the ship by way of the boarding ladder, while the serious cases were lifted, boat and all, up to the Palmer’s helicopter pad, where a team waited to carry them directly to the ship’s hospital.

After multiple trips back and forth, all of the injured fishermen were on the Palmer and ship’s EMTs began treating them. The ship then turned south and began making way towards McMurdo station.

The transit to McMurdo went quickly, with the Palmer using all of its sophisticated sensors and systems to plot the fastest, safest route through the ice to McMurdo. The ship would break its way into the ice about 16 miles from the station, and a medical team would fly to the ship in helicopters to offload the patients. 32 hours after leaving the Jeong Woo 3, the Palmer arrived at the McMurdo ice edge and began pushing her way into the ice. Being an icebreaker, the 2-3 foot thick sea ice was no problem. The Palmer stopped at a section of ice identified by an earlier reconnaissance flight as flat and stable enough to support the helicopters. 

Once the ship was secure, the crew carefully examined the ice around the ship, and marked off a safe landing zone using food coloring from the ship’s galley. The medical team from McMurdo arrived shortly after, and landed on the ice a few hundred feet away from the ship. The crew of the Palmer again went into action, performing the patient offload quickly and safely. The patients who could walk were gently escorted down the gangway, where a team was assembled on the ice, and rescue sleds that the medical team brought from McMurdo were used to transport the patients from the ship to the waiting helicopters. The seriously injured patients were carried from the hospital to the helo deck in a litter – a lightweight stretcher – and placed into a zodiac. One medic rode with the patient as the ship’s crane lifted the boat over the side and lowered it down to the ice. Again, the ice team dragged the patients to the helicopter, where they were loaded on and sent on to McMurdo.

Once all of the patients and medical personnel were safely on their way to McMurdo, the Palmer secured for sea and started back towards the Ross Sea to continue the science mission where they left of. The scientists, support staff, and crew of the Nathaniel B. Palmer worked as a team to respond to this serious incident, and played a key role in the response to this maritime tragedy.